We utilize an in vitro model where we induce mechanical damage to cells along with metabolic dysfunction, which deprives cells of nutrients. The mechanical damage resulting from trauma leads to the massive death of neurons and glial cells, followed by metabolic injury, which is a consequence of the destruction of cerebral vessels and arteries. This hinders the normal flow of glucose and nutrients to the surrounding tissues, both of which are hallmarks of traumatic brain injury. Our team was the first to develop this new in vitro model, and it remains our primary model for use in our studies (Torrente et al., 2014; Baez et al., 2019a, 2019b, 2018a, 2018b)

In vitro traumatic brain injury model.

We use a penetrating brain injury to model brain trauma in animals. In this model, a needle is inserted into the murine brain and moved anteroposteriorly to affect both the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex, thereby impairing motor, learning, and cognitive behavior.